Advances in Glioblastoma Research and Treatment Offer Hope for Improved Outcomes

Bhiwani, 20^th May 2023: Glioblastoma, an aggressive brain cancer that primarily affects adults, has long posed significant challenges in terms of diagnosis and treatment. However, recent advancements in research and therapy options have provided a glimmer of hope for patients and their families. Today, we are pleased to share the latest information on glioblastoma, its symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and the overall outlook for patients.

Glioblastoma is the most common type of malignant brain tumor among adults, characterized by its tendency to spread to nearby brain tissue but not to other organs. While the exact cause of glioblastoma is still unknown, it is believed that exposure to certain chemicals and cancer-causing agents may increase the risk, as well as certain genetic factors. It is more commonly diagnosed in older adults and is slightly more prevalent among men and white individuals compared to other ethnic groups.

Recognizing the symptoms of glioblastoma is crucial for early detection. These symptoms may include constant headaches, particularly worsening at night, seizures, vomiting, confusion, personality changes, visual difficulties, facial deviation, and slurring of speech. Prompt medical attention is essential if any of these symptoms are observed, as early intervention can lead to more effective treatment outcomes.

Dr. Praveen Gupta, Principal Director – Neurology, Fortis Hospital, Gurugram, said “Accurate diagnosis of glioblastoma is typically confirmed through brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, which may be enhanced by contrast. Additional tests, such as perfusion MRIs, can provide valuable information about the aggressiveness of the tumor. A biopsy, the examination of a tissue sample taken from the brain, is often necessary to determine the grade and characteristics of the tumor. Glioblastomas are typically classified as grade 4 brain tumors due to their rapid cell multiplication.

Although glioblastoma treatments are not currently curative, they aim to slow and control tumor growth, improve the quality of life, and extend the patient's lifespan. Surgery is often the first line of treatment, with the objective of removing as much of the tumor as possible. In cases where complete removal is not feasible, surgical intervention still contributes to alleviating symptoms and reducing tumor burden.

Dr Gupta Further added “Radiation therapy plays a crucial role in glioblastoma treatment, as it targets remaining tumor cells after surgery and may also slow the growth of inoperable tumors. Chemotherapy, particularly with the drug Temozolomide, is commonly used to control tumor growth and reduce the risk of recurrence. Additional chemotherapy drugs, such as Carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU), may be employed based on individual patient circumstances. Targeted therapies, such as bevacizumab (Avastin, Mvasi), are also available if conventional treatments prove ineffective or if the tumor recurs.”

Furthermore, researchers are exploring other innovative treatment options, including Convection-Enhanced Delivery (CED), electrical field therapy, wafer therapy, and nanoparticles. These emerging therapies show promise in improving treatment outcomes and expanding the range of available options.

It is important to note that glioblastomas often recur, necessitating further surgeries or alternative forms of radiation and chemotherapy. Patients who develop resistance to standard treatments may require palliative care to maintain their quality of life.

Dr Praveen Added “Traditionally, the prognosis for glioblastoma has been bleak, with survival rates of less than six months. However, recent advancements have led to modest improvements in outcomes. Presently, the one-year survival rate is approximately 25%, the two-year survival rate ranges between 8% and 12%, and the five-year survival rate stands at 5%. These statistics serve as general guidelines and may vary for individual patients.”

As research and treatment options continue to advance, there is hope that glioblastoma patients will experience improved outcomes in the future. It is essential to continue supporting research efforts, raising awareness, and advocating for increased resources to combat this devastating disease.